01 - Combine bread flour and water in a large bowl. Mix until just combined, cover, and let rest for 30-45 minutes for autolyse.
02 - Add sourdough starter and sea salt to the dough. Mix thoroughly until completely incorporated and smooth.
03 - Perform stretch-and-fold every 30 minutes for 2 hours, completing 4 sets total. Keep dough covered between folds.
04 - Let dough rest at room temperature for 1 hour after the final fold to relax.
05 - Turn dough onto lightly floured surface. Gently stretch into a rectangular shape, approximately 10x14 inches.
06 - Spread pesto evenly over dough surface, leaving 1-inch border. Sprinkle 1/4 cup Parmesan over pesto layer.
07 - Roll dough tightly from short end into log. Shape into round boule or oval batard form.
08 - Place seam-side up in well-floured banneton or bowl lined with towel. Cover and proof 2-3 hours at room temperature or refrigerate overnight for enhanced flavor.
09 - Preheat oven to 450°F with Dutch oven or baking stone inside for at least 30 minutes.
10 - Turn dough onto parchment paper. Brush top with olive oil and sprinkle remaining Parmesan. Score with sharp knife or lame.
11 - Bake in preheated Dutch oven with lid on for 20 minutes to create steam.
12 - Remove lid and bake 18-20 minutes more until deep golden brown and crusty. Internal temperature should reach 200°F.
13 - Transfer bread to wire rack and cool completely before slicing to prevent gumminess.